利用遗传算法设计的Ag/TiO2多层薄膜用于透明彩色辐射冷却窗

Conventional radiative cooling materials are predominantly opaque and lack color tunability, restricting their use in applications that demand both optical transparency and decorative aesthetics, such as architectural glazing and vehicle windows. We present a genetic algorithm (GA)-designed Ag/TiO2 multilayer film architecture that simultaneously achieves efficient passive radiative cooling, high visible-light transparency, and customizable color display. The proposed structure comprises a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer serving as a high-emissivity infrared emitter in the atmospheric transparency window (8 to 13 μm) and a GA-optimized seven-layer alternating Ag/TiO2 stack functioning as a near-infrared (NIR) selective reflector. Metal/dielectric/metal (MDM) subunits within the stack form Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonant cavities whose layer thicknesses are precisely tailored by the GA to selectively enhance visible-light transmission at targeted wavelengths, enabling red, green, blue, and yellow color outputs. Simulation results demonstrate that the optimized films achieve a peak atmospheric-window emissivity of 94.57% and a maximum NIR reflectance of 95.15%. Under an ambient temperature of 300 K and a nonradiative heat transfer coefficient of 6.9 W/(m2·K), the best-performing structure attains a subambient cooling of 7.2 K. Furthermore, the colored films exhibit excellent angular …